Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de duas alunas matriculadas em uma disciplina de estágio básico com foco no desenvolvimento da observação sistemática. A experiência ocorreu em 2016, no contexto do quinto semestre do curso de Psicologia de uma universidade particular do estado de São Paulo. Os alunos matriculados na disciplina deveriam realizar 4 horas de observação e 2 horas de supervisão acadêmica por semana. Nove observações orientadas foram realizadas, partindo-se da observação aleatória até a realização de uma (...) observação sistemática. Os resultados mostraram que a disciplina promoveu a aproximação entre teoria e prática e possibilitou uma integração com outras disciplinas cursadas anteriormente. Verificou-se que o conhecimento adquirido ao longo do semestre, o desenvolvimento pessoal no campo e os avanços percebidos na disciplina foram centrais para a formação profissional das alunas e para a preparação das etapas subsequentes do curso de psicologia – foco da disciplina. (shrink)

A partir de la perspectiva que ofrece el concepto de “vulnerabilidad social” como un potente analizador que permite visibilizar, entre otras cuestiones, la marcada incertidumbre que sienten numerosas/os jóvenes en relación a su futuro, enlazada a los cuestionamientos respecto de lo que les ofrece el sistema educativo en las actuales condiciones, y el sentido de la educación “en jaque” ante la falta de garantías de promover y propiciar el acceso justo y digno al mundo laboral con su consecuente promesa de (...) movilidad social ascendente, este trabajo se propone advertir acerca de los alcances e implicancias que tienen la s marca s de inseguridad, inestabilidad y precariedad del contexto socioeconómico regional en el que se inscriben sus trayectorias de vida y escolares, singulares y colectivas, en sus oportunidades, deseos y apuestas. El trabajo enfatiza finalmente en que al p reguntar y preguntarse desde “ adolescencias situadas ” por los deseos, los futuros, las prácticas y sus sentidos, se habilita n senderos no sólo para desarmar discursos sociales y de las disciplinas instituida s que reproducen identidades patologizadas, tuteladas y exclusiones diversas, sino también para promover movimientos subjetivos en y entre las/os propias/os p rotagonistas, y los adultos a cargo de su acompañamiento tanto del campo de la salud/salud mental como del de la educación, al interrogar(se / nos) por trayectorias supuestamente predefinidas, cuestión esta que supone no solo un desafío para la Psicología y la Psiquiatría sino también todo un reto para la Pedagogía en sus versiones paradigmáticas hegemónicas. (shrink)

Considerando que a mulher que se encontra numa relação amorosa violenta, muitas vezes, persiste na manutenção dessa conjugalidade, este estudo objetivou investigar a experiência emocional de mulheres que vivenciam ou já vivenciaram uma relação conjugal violenta. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com seis mulheres beneficiárias de uma ONG dedicada à violência intrafamiliar. Cada entrevista foi mediada pela apresentação de uma narrativa interativa, a partir da qual a participante era convidada a inventar o desfecho. Após cada entrevista, a entrevistadora redigiu uma narrativa (...) transferencial sobre o encontro. O conjunto das narrativas transferenciais foi analisado psicanaliticamente à luz da Teoria dos Campos. Foi identificado o campo “Infeliz(es) para sempre”, em que as participantes manifestaram sofrimento radical frente à possibilidade de ficarem sozinhas, “preferindo” compartilhar a infelicidade com o cônjuge agressor a lidarem com o desamparo. Considera-se que tais achados podem auxiliar na intervenção dos profissionais que atuam junto a esse grupo social específico. (shrink)

El propósito del presente artículo es abordar la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuál es la relación entre la noción de víctima y la violencia que se ejerce sobre su cuerpo? Para estudiar esta pregunta se parte de los estudios de Giorgio Agamben y Roberto Esposito para proponer un marco hermenéutico que permita ofrecer una nueva comprensión de la condición de víctima ejemplificada en dos contextos: los campos de concentración nazis (con base en los testimonios recopilados por Primo Levi) y el conflicto (...) armado en Colombia (con base en los testimonios recogidos por el Centro de Memoria Histórica). Entre los resultados más interesantes que se encuentran en esta reflexión cabe destacar el rol del lenguaje en el despojo de la calidad de persona de la víctima y la ideología subyacente a todo proceso de victimización que se materializa en el cuerpo de la víctima. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender os desafios da cultura inclusiva para a Educação Física escolar tendo a interdisciplinaridade como proposta pedagógica. Num primeiro momento a Educação Física é apresentada como campo interdisciplinar de conhecimento por não ser uma ciência e sim uma área que tem como objeto as manifestações da cultura corporal de movimento. Posteriormente apresentamos a interdisciplinaridade como proposta pedagógica que nos permite um pensar mais complexo e dialógico. Ao final trazemos ao texto a interdisciplinaridade como ferramenta (...) para mediar as práxis de Educação Física levantando algumas reflexões a fim de contribuir com a cultura inclusiva. (shrink)

Eunápio de Sardes, em sua Vida dos Sofistas (Eun.VS 6.6.5 – 6.9.15), apresenta a vida de Sosípatra de Pérgamo, uma jovem de poderes divinatórios e clarividentes que se tornou uma filósofa filiada à escola neoplatônica. Em meio às clarividências de Sosípatra, veremos os episódios que a levaram ainda muito jovem às iniciações teúrgicas e algumas poucas cenas adicionais de sua vida adulta. Veremos como o autor retoma lugares comuns derivados da ambiência do Fedro de Platão e, por fim, apresentaremos uma (...) tradução em português anotada para o trecho de Eunápio. (shrink)

Although empirical evidence may provide a much desired sense of certainty amidst a pandemic characterised by uncertainty, the vast gamut of available COVID-19 data, including misinformation, has instead increased confusion and distrust in authorities’ decisions. One key lesson we have been gradually learning from the COVID-19 pandemic is that the availability of empirical data and scientific evidence alone do not automatically lead to good decisions. Good decision-making in public health policy, this paper argues, does depend on the availability of reliable (...) data and rigorous analyses, but depends above all on sound ethical reasoning that ascribes value and normative judgement to empirical facts. (shrink)

Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page 212-214.

This paper examines the problem of dying alone in the context of no-visitors hospital policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. It critically analyses a rights-based solution, offering a democratized vi...

This commentary defines what shared yet differentiated ethical responsibilities to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mean, by introducing a threefold principled account of AMR global governance. It argues that the principles of solidarity, subsidiarity, and stewardship can be especially helpful for further justifying some of the universal, differentiated, and individual responsibilities that Van Katwyk et al propose. The upshot of my threefold principled account of AMR global governance is a less ambitious AMR treaty, one that can only justify (i) universal duties (...) of global coordination (as per the principle of solidarity); (ii) differentiated duties to local communities, which bear the primary AMR responsibilities (as per the principle of subsidiarity); and (iii) individualized duties for ensuring truthful, evidence-based, consistent, and timely shared accountable communication (as per the principle of stewardship). (shrink)

This paper argues that the existing definition of pandemics is not nuanced enough, because it is predicated solely on the criterion of spread, rather than on the criteria of spread and severity. This definitional challenge is what I call ‘the conflation problem’: there is a conflation of two different realities of global health, namely global health emergencies (i.e., severe communicable diseases that spread across borders) and nonemergencies (i.e., communicable or noncommunicable diseases that spread across borders and that may be severe). (...) To put this argument forth, this paper begins by discussing the existing and internationally accepted definition of pandemics, its requirements, as well as its strengths (section 1). Section 2 then considers the problem with the standard definition of pandemics (i.e., the conflation problem) and some examples of it. Finally, section 3 evaluates some practical implications of the conflation problem to then explore conceptual clarity as the adequate solution. (shrink)

Although the value of health is universally agreed upon, its definition is not. Both the WHO and the UN define health in terms of well-being. They advocate a globally shared responsibility that all of us — states, international organizations, pharmaceutical corporations, civil society, and individuals — bear for the health (that is, the well-being) of the world's population. In this paper I argue that this current well-being conception of health is troublesome. Its problem resides precisely in the fact that the (...) well-being conception of health, as an all-encompassing label, does not properly distinguish between the different realities of health and the different demands of justice, which arise in each case. In addressing responsibilities related to the right to health, we need to work with a more differentiated vocabulary, which can account for these different realities. A crucial distinction to bear in mind, for the purposes of moral deliberation and the crafting of political and legal institutions, is the difference between basic and non-basic health needs. This distinction is crucial because we have presumably more stringent obligations and rights in relation to human needs that are basic, as they justify stronger moral claims, than those grounded on non-basic human needs. It is important to keep this moral distinction in mind because many of the world's problems regarding the right to health relate to basic health needs. By conflating these needs with less essential ones, we risk confusing different types of moral claims and weakening the overall case for establishing duties regarding the right to health. There is, therefore, a practical need to reevaluate the current normative conception of health so that it distinguishes, within the broad scope of well-being, between what is basic and what is not. My aim here is to shed light onto this distinction and to show the need for this differentiation. I do so, first, by providing, on the basis of David Miller's concept of basic needs, an account of basic health needs and, secondly, by mounting a defense of the basic needs approach to the right to health, arguing against James Griffin who opposes the basic needs approach. (shrink)

Our society is obsessed with health. At every second, everywhere, we are surrounded and overwhelmed by distressing calls on how vital it is to adopt a healthy lifestyle. While incorporating a healthy diet and physical exercise into our routines are the foremost commandments, everything from tobacco to refined sugars, trans fat, excessive alcohol, caffeine, and even eggs are declared public evils. Yet there is hope: medicines will save us! And indeed medicines exist available for all kinds of human afflictions. There (...) are pills to help you relax and forget about stress, while some others, on the contrary, can keep you miraculously alert. There are pills that heal your most unbearable pains, physical or emotional, wherever their location — the head, back, quadriceps, heart, or soul. Though they may cause your stomach to burn, that is easily remedied by taking a complementary pill that will neutralize your stomach acidity with only some minor and negligible side effects elsewhere. There are also magic pills that promise you happiness, by giving you the power to thrive and the endurance to conquer the world. They ignite your hunger for achievement, but also for extra sugar and saturated fat. (shrink)

It is generally accepted that patents are a driving force for innovation through research and development. But the university's involvement in patenting is problematic as well. In particular, it is in tension with the idea of a university itself. If patents entail a restriction on the accessibility of the scientific knowledge that has been patented, and if the main purpose of universities is to produce and disseminate knowledge to the public, then, there is a tension: when universities patent their research (...) innovations, they are making the scientific knowledge they produce less accessible to the public. The paper argues that university patenting contradicts the very idea of a university as an institution whose mission is fundamentally to disseminate the knowledge it produces to the public. The practice of university patenting involves an un-academic attitude thus: by inciting an attitude towards knowledge that is not consistent with the proper attitudes and goals of a university, university patenting hurt.. (shrink)

From the scene of the singing cicadas in the _Phaedrus_, we will show the affinities between the mention of the dangerous sleep at noon (_Phdr_. 258e6-259d8) and a mythical episode in the life of Epimenides. Next, we will look at the possible affinities between the description of Dionysian madness (_Phdr_. 244d5-245a1) and the type of divination practiced by Epimenides of Crete (DK 3 B 1-25). From these approaches, we intend to describe and elucidate the common imaginary with which Plato elaborates (...) his reception and assimilation of the archaic poetic tradition in his philosophy. (shrink)

This article challenges the orthodox view of international law, according to which states have no legal duty to cooperate. It argues for this legal duty in the context of COVID-19, based on the ethical principles of solidarity, stewardship, and subsidiarity. More specifically, the article argues that states have a legal duty to cooperate during a pandemic (as solidarity requires); and while this duty entails an extraterritorial responsibility to care for and assist other nations (as stewardship requires), the legal duty to (...) cooperate still allows states to attend first to the basic needs of those under their own jurisdiction—namely, fellow nationals and residents (as subsidiarity requires). The article provides a definition and philosophical justifications for this legal duty that are lacking in the literature by examining its application to a current COVID-19 controversy: namely, states’ responsibility to assist other countries in greater need by, inter alia, exporting at a discount or donating scarce COVID-19 treatments (including vaccines). In providing a principled tripartite account of pandemic governance, this conceptual and normative article offers a new lens for debating the potential international treaty for pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response that has now been drafted and is under negotiation at the World Health Assembly, by responding to the recent backlash against multilateralism by substantiating global co-responsibilities in times of pandemics and beyond. (shrink)

This paper suggests that the focus on abortion legalization in the aftermath of the Zika outbreak is distracting for policy and lawmakers from what needs to be done to address the outbreak effectively. Meeting basic health needs, together with research and development conducive to a vaccine or treatment for the Zika virus should be priorities.

Neste artigo, buscaremos refletir sobre como Hannah Arendt concebe um certo tipo de educação ao mesmo tempo _conservadora_ e _revolucionária_. Este será, assim como a indicação de que pensar sobre a questão educacional das crianças e jovens diz respeito a uma crise mais geral na modernidade, um ponto de tensionamento rumo à hipótese segundo a qual é possível refletir sobre como inserir os imigrantes, refugiados ou apátridas em um local ao qual se dirigiram e que lhes é estranho. Para tanto, (...) o fio condutor desta argumentação será o conceito de natalidade, pois consideramos ser a partir dele que Arendt evoca a radicalidade da qual todos os seres humanos são portadores, isto é, a potencialidade de começar algo novo. Assim, articulam-se os tensionamentos entre conservar um mundo que é precedente aos que lhe são recém-chegados, tanto as crianças como os migrantes, ao mesmo tempo em que estes adicionam algo de si mesmo neste mundo para os que ainda estão por vir. (shrink)

This study argues against the expansive approach to the WHO reform, according to which to be a better global health leader, WHO should do more, be given more power and financial resources, have more operational capacities, and have more teeth by introducing more coercive monitoring and compliance mechanisms to its IHR. The expansive approach is a political problem, whose root cause lies in ethics: WHO’s political overambition is grounded on WHO’s lack of conceptual clarity on what good leadership means and (...) what health (as a human right) means. This study presents this ethical analysis by putting forth an alternative: the humble approach to the WHO reform. It argues that to be a better leader, WHO should do much less and have a much narrower mandate. More specifically, WHO should focus exclusively on coordination efforts, by ensuring truthful, evidence-based, consistent, and timely shared communications regarding PHEIC among WHO member-states and other global health stakeholders, if the organization desires to be a real global health leader whose authority the international community respects and whose guidance people trust. (shrink)

The moral value of health : health as a basic human need -- The human right to health and its corresponding responsibilities -- States and natural persons as subjects of justice -- Pharmaceutical transnational corporations as subjects of justice -- The global health governance of the global health crisis.

Dans cet article, nous approcherons la notion husserlienne d’ha- bitus, en essayant de la clarifier à partir des enjeux soulevés par le rapport entre passivité et activité. Dans la phénoménologie génétique husserlienne, l’habitus joue un rôle central dans la constitution du sens, mais aussi pour la constitution de la subjectivité personnelle. Nous tenterons de montrer que la notion d’habitus chez Husserl apparaît en référence à différents niveaux de la constitution, où elle participe d’une pa...

Some authors of Jurisprudence, especially Michel Villey, tried to present what they thought to be the aristotelic theory of justice, grounding in it their own theories. To Villey, pecifically, “the right” would be the correct translation of the Greek to dikaion. To defend, based on Aristotle, a conception of the just that refuses subjective elements of a theory of action is an error. And this error lies in ignoring a redefinition of to dikaion made by Aristotle in Chapter 9 of (...) Book V of Nicomachean Ethics. There, Aristotle adds to the objective conditions of the just and the unjust (EN V, 1-7) some subjective conditions referring to person who suffers the action. Only after correctly understanding these conditions we will be able to correctly understand the aristotelic theory of justice. As Villey and other authors ignore it, they err interpreting Aristotle and using him to found their own theories. (shrink)

No penúltimo parágrafo de O mundo como vontade e como representação, Schopenhauer, contra a tendência do livro até então, dá um caráter especial à razão na negação da Vontade de vida. O conhecimento abstrato é, nesse contexto, como clarividência da razão, o fundamento para se atingir o conhecimento puramente intuitivo. A partir da análise de algumas formas de conhecimento (conceito, sentimento e Ideia) apresentadas no tomo I da obra, tem-se uma diferenciação clara entre os âmbitos da explicação e da significação (...) do mundo na metafísica da vontade. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é indicar um possível limite da filosofia, tomando como exemplo a tentativa de conceitualização do nada no último parágrafo da obra, e, por fim, propor uma reflexão acerca do papel do filósofo, para Schopenhauer, na negação da Vontade de vida. (shrink)

The present text is an essay on childhood and teacher education, making approximations and meetings that put in question the school, the education, the teaching, the time. Childhood is not considered a category of chronological time, but an establishing force of possibility, impossibility, questions, interruptions. Childhood is affirmed beyond an age, understood as existence, life, embodied in any body and in another temporality. It is interesting to ask about the childhoods that go through the teacher formation and, perhaps, think not (...) only how we form childhood, but how childhood forms us. How do they potencialize teachers work? Under what conditions do these childhoods arise? Is the teacher becoming a maturation of childhood, childhood or childhood? What gestures tear and explode with the ways we get used to being with the children and the ways we are used to becoming teachers? These questions have accompanied me in the challenge of devoting sensitivity, attention and listening to the senses emanating from childhood, and the childhood that emanates from the senses, in the exercise of being a teacher of Early Childhood Education. Therefore, this work is inspired by the childhoods of children of the Secondary Education of Pedro II College, in childhoods of my teaching with these subjects, in beginnings, openings and beginnings that potentiate to inhabit the school and become a teacher in a childish way. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca do trabalho do professor partindo de sua formação inicial de graduação e a aplicação de questionário, com questões abertas aos professores do município de Piranguinho, situado na região Sul do Estado de Minas Gerais em relação ao trabalho desenvolvido na rede municipal com o programa de “Educação para o Pensar” - Filosofia para Crianças e Jovens, na educação básica.

A dança ocupa na filosofia nietzschiana um lugar de destaque, principalmente porque envolve a música e o corpo, elementos-chave para o pensador alemão. Esse artigo investiga como o filósofo aborda essa temática em alguns aforismos de suas obras, em especial, analisando “O canto da dança” e “O outro canto da dança” de Assim Falou Zaratustra.. O texto apresenta o seguinte percurso: aborda de modo geral a relação entre filosofia e dança; apresenta a concepção de dança no texto A alma e (...) a dança do filósofo Paul Valéry e, por fim, discute a concepção da dança na filosofia nietzschiana se concentrando sobretudo na noção de eterno retorno em algumas passagens do Zaratustra. (shrink)

Esse artigo examina como se define a questão do trágico para Hölderlin, importante poeta alemão do século XVIII. Em 1804, Hölderlin traduz e comenta as peças Édipo-rei e Antígona de Sófocles. Esse artigo se concentra na investigação sobre o trágico que Hölderlin empreende na terceira parte de suas Observações sobre Édipo, nela surgem elementos que são singulares no seu pensamento, como a cesura, a dupla infidelidade e o afastamento categórico do deus. Esses elementos permitem que Hölderlin trate o tema do (...) trágico a partir de uma visão completamente nova para o seu tempo e que propiciou o surgimento de importantes reflexões posteriores na literatura e na filosofia. Duas são as questões principais que norteiam a argumentação neste artigo: a primeira se refere à acepção singular de Hölderlin sobre os paradoxos que comumente constituem o trágico, como o humano e o divino; a segunda, a análise da tarefa poética da modernidade como tarefa possível para toda e qualquer poesia. (shrink)

Several proof-theoretic notions of validity have been proposed in the literature, for which completeness of intuitionistic logic has been conjectured. We define validity for intuitionistic propositional logic in a way which is common to many of these notions, emphasizing that an appropriate notion of validity must be closed under substitution. In this definition we consider atomic systems whose rules are not only production rules, but may include rules that allow one to discharge assumptions. Our central result shows that Harrop’s rule (...) is valid under substitution, which refutes the completeness conjecture for intuitionistic logic. (shrink)